Torrent file - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In the Bit. Torrent file distribution system, a torrent file is a computer file that contains metadata about files and folders to be distributed, and usually also a list of the network locations of trackers, which are computers that help participants in the system find each other and form efficient distribution groups called swarms. Depending on context, a torrent may be the torrent file or the referenced content.
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Torrent files are normally named with the extension. Background. This creates inefficiency when many people want to obtain the same set of files from a single source; the source must always be online and must have massive outbound bandwidth. The Bit. Torrent protocol addresses this by decentralizing the distribution, leveraging the ability of people to network . Downloading peers achieve rapid download speeds by requesting multiple pieces from different computers simultaneously in the swarm. Once obtained, these pieces are usually immediately made available for download by others in the swarm.
In this way, the burden on the network is spread among the downloaders, rather than concentrating at a central distribution hub or cluster. As long as all the pieces are available, peers (downloaders and uploaders) can come and go; no one peer needs to have all the chunks, or to even stay connected to the swarm in order for distribution to continue among the other peers. A small torrent file is created to represent a file or folder to be shared. The torrent file acts as the key to initiating downloading of the actual content.
Someone interested in receiving the shared file or folder first obtains the corresponding torrent file, either by directly downloading it, or by using a magnet link. The user then opens that file in a Bit. Torrent client, which automates the rest of the process. In order to learn the Internet locations of peers which may be sharing pieces, the client connects to the trackers named in the torrent file, and/or achieves a similar result through the use of distributed hash tables. Then the client connects directly to the peers in order to request pieces and otherwise participate in a swarm.
The client may also report progress to trackers, to help the tracker with its peer recommendations. When the client has all the pieces, it assembles them into a usable form. It may also continue sharing the pieces, elevating its status to that of seeder rather than ordinary peer. File structure. It always contains a list of files and integrity metadata about all the pieces, and optionally contains a list of trackers. A torrent file is a bencodeddictionary with the following keys: announce. This is commonly 2.
Ki. B = 2. 56 Ki. B = 2. 62,1. 44 B. As SHA- 1 returns a 1. If the torrent contains multiple files, the pieces are formed by concatenating the files in the order they appear in the files dictionary (i.
A small torrent file is created to represent a file or folder to be shared. The torrent file acts as the key to initiating downloading of the actual content. Run your whole business better with QuickBooks. It is the #1 rated small business accounting software. Sign up for a FREE trial today.
Each dictionary has the following keys. Instead, a trackerless torrent has a nodes key. Alternatively, the key could be set to a known good node such as one operated by the person generating the torrent. This key's value is a list of web addresses where torrent data can be retrieved.
This key's value is 1 if the torrent is private. The purpose is to reduce the file size of torrent files, which reduces the burden on those that serve torrent files. A torrent file using Merkle trees does not have a pieces key in the info list. Instead, such a torrent file has a root hash key in the info list. This key's value is the root hash of the Merkle hash.